Saussurea ~ Saussurea lappa
Saussurea Latin name: Saussurea lappa Family: Asteraceae Part used: rhizome Habitat: Himalayas, Kashmir valley Main constituents: alkaloids, shikokiols, resinoids, essential oil, alkaloid, …
Juniper ~ Juniperus communis
Juniper Latin name: Juniperus communis Family: Cupressaceae Part used: berries Habitat: widely distributed throughout the world Main constituents: volatile oil, tannins, diterpenes, …
Cubeb ~ Piper cubeba
Cubeb Latin name: Piper cubeba Family: Piperaceae Part used: unripe fruit Habitat: native to Indonesia; cultivated elsewhere Main constituents: volatile oil, lignans, …
Turmeric ~ Curcuma longa
 Turmeric Latin name: Curcuma longa Family: Zingiberaceae Part used: rhizome Habitat: native to S. Asia; cultivated widely in the tropics Main constituents: …
Prickly Ash ~ Zanthoxylum americanum
Prickly Ash Latin name: Zanthoxylum americanum Family: Rutaceae Part used: bark, berries Habitat: Canada, USA Main constituents: alkaloids, coumarins, amides, resin, tannin, …
Peppermint ~ Mentha piperita
Peppermint Latin name: Family: Lamiaceae Part used: leaf Habitat: cultivated widely Main constituents: essential oil (menthol, menthone), flavonoids Energetics: sweet, spicy, cooling, …
Parsley ~ Petroselinum crispum
Parsley Latin name: Petroselinum crispum Family: Umbelliferae Part used: leaf, root, seed Habitat: native to Eastern Mediterranean; cultivated worldwide Main constituents: volatile …
Triphala ~ Emblica officinalis
Triphala Latin name: Emblica officinalis, Terminalia belerica, Terminalia chebula Family: various Part used: various Habitat: India Main constituents: glutamic acid, proline, aspartic …
Trikatu ~ Zingiber officinale
Trikatu Latin name: Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, Piper longum Family: various Part used: various Habitat: India Main constituents: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenoids, volatile oil, …
Pipali ~ Piper longum
Pipali Latin name: Piper longum Family: Piperaceae Part used: berries Habitat: hotter parts of India Main constituents: volatile oil, alkaloids (piperine, piperlongumine, …