{"id":1185,"date":"2013-07-02T04:24:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T11:24:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/?p=1185"},"modified":"2013-10-30T21:51:52","modified_gmt":"2013-10-31T04:51:52","slug":"terpenes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/?p=1185","title":{"rendered":"Terpenes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Terpenes are widespread in nature, mainly in plants as constituents of essential oils. Many terpenes are hydrocarbons, but oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes or ketones (<em>terpenoids<\/em>) are also found. Their building block is the hydrocarbon <strong>isoprene<\/strong>, CH<sub>2<\/sub>=C(CH<sub>3<\/sub>)-CH=CH<sub>2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"100\" \/>Isoprene<\/p>\n<p>Terpene hydrocarbons therefore have molecular formulas (C<sub>5<\/sub>H<sub>8<\/sub>)<sub>n<\/sub>, they are classified according to the number of isoprene units:<\/p>\n<p>number of isoprene units<\/p>\n<p>monoterpenes \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2<\/p>\n<p>sesquiterpenes \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 3<\/p>\n<p>diterpenes \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 4<\/p>\n<p>triterpenes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6<\/p>\n<p>tetraterpenes\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8<\/p>\n<p>Examples of monoterpenes are: pinene, nerol, citral, camphor, menthol, limonene. Examples of <em>sesquiterpenes<\/em> are: nerolidol, farnesol. Examples of <em>diterpenes<\/em> are: phytol, vitamin A<sub>1<\/sub>. Squalene is an example of a <em>triterpene<\/em>, and carotene (provitamin A<sub>1<\/sub>) is a <em>tetraterpene<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Monoterpenes- (Cherries, citrus fruit peel oils, caraway, dill, spearmint, lemongrass) &#8211; Lower risk of breast, skin, liver, lung, stomach, and pancreas cancers.<\/p>\n<p>Professional Herbalism Certificate Course Module 3 by KP Khalsa, page 188.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Terpenes are widespread in nature, mainly in plants as constituents of essential oils. Many terpenes are hydrocarbons, but oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes or ketones (terpenoids) are also found. Their building block is the hydrocarbon isoprene, CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2. Isoprene Terpene &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/?p=1185\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-glossary","category-terms-definitions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1185"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1185\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1196,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1185\/revisions\/1196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/herbalpedia.info\/Glossary\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}